~단다/~란다 grammar = they said, it is said ~commonly used in storytelling or giving advice

단다/란다 grammar

What is ~단다/~란다 grammar?

1. ~단다 is a contraction of ~다고 한다 (indirect speech) and ~란다 is a contraction of ~라고 한다.

2. ~단다 / ~란다 is often used to (i) relay information learned from others or (ii) express personal thoughts or feelings, often with emotional nuance or a conversational tone.

3. 
~단다 / ~란다 is commonly used in storytelling, casual explanations, or when giving advice, especially to younger listeners.

Conjugation rules for ~단다/~란다

1. With Verbs:

Drop ~다 from the dictionary form and add ~단다.

가다 (to go) → 간단다
먹다 (to eat) → 먹는단다

2. With Adjectives:

Drop ~다 from the dictionary form and add ~단다.

예쁘다 (to be pretty) → 예쁘단다
크다 (to be big) → 크단다

3. With Nouns:

Add ~란다 if the noun ends in a vowel, or ~이란다 if it ends in a consonant.

노래 (song) → 노래란다
선물 (gift) → 선물이란다

When and How to Use ~단다/~란다

1. Relaying Information (Indirect Speech)

Use ~단다/~란다 to share information you’ve heard from others. This is common in casual conversations and storytelling.

Example 1: 한국에서 가족이 중요하단다.
They say family is important in Korea.

Example 2: 라디오에서 내일 비가 온단다.
I heard on the radio that it will rain tomorrow.

2. Expressing Thoughts or Reactions

Use this pattern to convey your personal feelings or reactions, often with emotional nuance.

Example 1: 어제 본 영화가 정말 재미있단다.
The movie I watched yesterday was so interesting.

Example 2: 이 꽃이 정말 예쁘단다.
This flower is so pretty.

3. Storytelling or Giving Advice

This pattern is frequently used in storytelling or to provide guidance in an informal and warm tone.

Example 1: 옛날에, 한 마을에 착한 소년이 살았단다.
A long time ago, in a village, there lived a kind boy.

Example 2: 방심은 금물이란다.
Carelessness is forbidden.


Differences Between ~단다/~란다 and Similar Patterns

1. ~다 vs. ~단다/~란다

  • ~다: Neutral declarative sentence ending.
  • ~단다/~란다: Adds a personal or conversational tone, often with emotion or perspective.

2. ~다고 한다 vs. ~단다/~란다

  • ~다고 한다: More formal, commonly used in written language or polite contexts.
  • ~단다/~란다: Informal, used in casual speech or storytelling.

More examples 

Examples of ~단다

1. 내일은 눈이 온단다.
They say it will snow tomorrow.

2. 책을 많이 읽으면 똑똑해진단다.
They say reading a lot makes you smarter.

3. 아빠가 저녁에 맛있는 음식을 해주신단다.
Dad says he’ll cook something delicious for dinner.

4. 그 배우가 상을 받았단다.
They say that actor won an award.

5. 이 강은 예전에 맑았단다.
They say this river used to be clean.

Examples of ~란다

1. 이건 엄마가 너를 위해 만든 음식이란다.
This is food mom made for you.

2. 저 산은 금강산이란다.
That mountain is called Geumgangsan.

3. 이 그림은 유명한 화가의 작품이란다.
This is a painting by a famous artist.

4. 너는 정말 소중한 아이란다.
You are a truly precious child.

5. 이곳은 왕이 살던 궁전이란다.
This is a palace where a king once lived.



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