단다/란다 grammar |
What is ~단다/~란다 grammar?
1. ~단다 is a contraction of ~다고 한다 (indirect speech) and ~란다 is a contraction of ~라고 한다.
2. ~단다 / ~란다 is often used to (i) relay information learned from others or (ii) express personal thoughts or feelings, often with emotional nuance or a conversational tone.
가다 (to go) → 간단다
먹다 (to eat) → 먹는단다
먹다 (to eat) → 먹는단다
2. With Adjectives:
Drop ~다 from the dictionary form and add ~단다.예쁘다 (to be pretty) → 예쁘단다
크다 (to be big) → 크단다
크다 (to be big) → 크단다
3. With Nouns:
Add ~란다 if the noun ends in a vowel, or ~이란다 if it ends in a consonant.노래 (song) → 노래란다
선물 (gift) → 선물이란다
선물 (gift) → 선물이란다
When and How to Use ~단다/~란다
1. Relaying Information (Indirect Speech)
Use ~단다/~란다 to share information you’ve heard from others. This is common in casual conversations and storytelling.
Example 1: 한국에서 가족이 중요하단다.They say family is important in Korea.
Example 2: 라디오에서 내일 비가 온단다.
I heard on the radio that it will rain tomorrow.
2. Expressing Thoughts or Reactions
Use this pattern to convey your personal feelings or reactions, often with emotional nuance.
Example 1: 어제 본 영화가 정말 재미있단다.The movie I watched yesterday was so interesting.
Example 2: 이 꽃이 정말 예쁘단다.
This flower is so pretty.
3. Storytelling or Giving Advice
This pattern is frequently used in storytelling or to provide guidance in an informal and warm tone.
Example 1: 옛날에, 한 마을에 착한 소년이 살았단다.A long time ago, in a village, there lived a kind boy.
Example 2: 방심은 금물이란다.
Carelessness is forbidden.
Differences Between ~단다/~란다 and Similar Patterns
1. ~다 vs. ~단다/~란다
- ~다: Neutral declarative sentence ending.
- ~단다/~란다: Adds a personal or conversational tone, often with emotion or perspective.
2. ~다고 한다 vs. ~단다/~란다
- ~다고 한다: More formal, commonly used in written language or polite contexts.
- ~단다/~란다: Informal, used in casual speech or storytelling.
More examples
Examples of ~단다
1. 내일은 눈이 온단다.They say it will snow tomorrow.
2. 책을 많이 읽으면 똑똑해진단다.
They say reading a lot makes you smarter.
3. 아빠가 저녁에 맛있는 음식을 해주신단다.
Dad says he’ll cook something delicious for dinner.
4. 그 배우가 상을 받았단다.
They say that actor won an award.
5. 이 강은 예전에 맑았단다.
They say this river used to be clean.
Examples of ~란다
1. 이건 엄마가 너를 위해 만든 음식이란다.This is food mom made for you.
2. 저 산은 금강산이란다.
That mountain is called Geumgangsan.
3. 이 그림은 유명한 화가의 작품이란다.
This is a painting by a famous artist.
4. 너는 정말 소중한 아이란다.
You are a truly precious child.
5. 이곳은 왕이 살던 궁전이란다.
This is a palace where a king once lived.Keywords for SEO Optimization:
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Grammar Lv2