V-아/어 있다 grammar = 'V-ed/-ing' ~express the continuing state of a completed action

V-아/어 있다 grammar = 'V-ed/-ing' ~express the continuing state of a completed action.

Usage:
- V-아/어 있다 is used to express the continuing state of a completed action = 'V-ed/ing' in English
- It is often used with passive verbs such as 열리다 (to be opened), 닫히다 (to be closed) 
- In the case of 'to wear = 입다, 신다, ...' verb, V-고 있다 is used

Word conversion:
앉다 -> 앉아 있다 (being sit)
 서다 -> 서 있다 (standing)
피다 -> 피어 있다 (blooming)
잠기다 -> 잠겨 있다 (being locked)

붙다 -> 붙어 있다 (being attached)
열리다 -> 열려 있다 (being opened)
닫히다 -> 닫혀 있다 (being closed)
꺼지다 -> 꺼져 있다 (being turned off)

켜지다 -> 켜져 있다 (being turned on)
쓰이다 -> 쓰여 있다 (being used, written)
*눕다 -> 누워 있다 (laying)
남다 -> 남어 있다 (remaining)




Examples
1. 선생님이 연단 앞에 서 있어요.
The teacher is standing in front of the podium.
2. 학생들이 앉아 있어요.
The students are sitting.
3. 할아버지가  침대에 누워 있어요.
My grandfather is lying in bed.

4. 책에 이름이 쓰여 있어요.
His name is written on the book.
5. 창문이 열려 있어요.
The door is being opened.
6. TV가 켜져 있어요.
The TV is being turned on.

7. 왜 식당에 안 들어가요?
- 문이 닫혀 있어요.
Why don't you go inside the restaurant?
- It's closed.
8. 방을 어떻게 찾았어요?
- 학교 앞에 광고가 붙어 있었어요.
How did you find the room?
- There was an advertisement attached in front of school.
9. 이번 주에는 벚꽃이 예쁘게 피어 있어요.
In this week, cherry blossoms are blooming beautifully.


Differences between V-고 있다 and V-아/어 있다 

V-고 있다 = express an action currently in progress
E.g. 꽃이 피고 있다 = the flowers are in the process of blooming.

V-아/어 있다 = express the continuing state of a completed action
E.g. 꽃이 피어 있다 = the flowers have bloomed and remain in the state.