KIIP 3 Grammars Review:
Click on each corresponding grammar to see more details. Note: N = noun , V = verb, A = adjective
Xem giải thích ngữ pháp bằng tiếng Việt ở đây: Tổng hợp ngữ pháp lớp KIIP 3 Trung Cấp 2 - Korean TOPIK
1과1 V/A-잖아요 grammar = (1) state or remind something that the listener already knew or possibly forget = as you know...; (2) scold the listener for not following an advice or allowing something bad to happen after warned = didn’t I told you that...
제가 필리핀에서 왔잖아요. 그래서 마닐라에 대해서 잘 알아요. (1)
As you know I have come to Philippine. So I know well about Manila.
가: 케이크는 왜 샀어요?
나: 오늘이 당신 생일이잖아요. (2)
A: Why do you buy the cake?
B: Didn't you know that today is your birthday.
1과2 V/A-기는요 grammar = Politely disagree with one's statement or compliment, so it expresses the speaker's modesty = not really
가: 지금 너무 춥죠?
나: 춥기는요. 다음 달에 기온이 더 낮아질 거예요.
A: It's so cold now, right?
B: Cold? Next month the temperature will be much lower.
2과1 V/A-(으)ㄴ/는 지 알다/모르다 grammar = Express or ask whether one knows a certain fact or not = to know / don’t know...
아이들 간식으로 무엇이 좋은지 모르겠어요.
I don’t know what’s good for kid snacks.
영화가 몇 시에 시작하는지 알아요?
Do you know what time will the movie start?
2과2 V/A-(으)ㄹ 텐데 grammar = Express the speaker’s assumption or expectation about a future event in the 1st clause and provide the related information in the 2nd clause = should, suppose, would, could
일이 많아서 피곤할 텐데 빨리 쉬세요.
You would be tired because of a lot of work, so take a quick rest.
3과1 V- 느라고 grammar = Give a reason for a negative consequence = because...(negative consequence)
보고서를 쓰느라고 3일 밤을 못잤어요.
Because of writing report, I could’t sleep 3 nights.
3과2 V-는 동안 grammar = Indicate the time duration when a certain action begins and lasts until it ends = ‘during/ for’ or ‘while’
아이가 자는 동안 음식을 만들었어요.
I made some food while my child was sleeping.
4과1 V/A-아도/어도 grammar = Express that the action in the 1st clause wouldn’t affect the 2nd clause even if the action in the 1st clause would happen. = even if, even though…
저는 늦게 자도 6시에는 꼭 일어나요.
I wake up exactly at 6 o’clock even if I sleep late.
4과2 V-자마자 grammar = Indicate that the 2nd clause occurs immediately right after the end of the action in the 1st clause = right after, as soon as
남편은 집에 오자마자 텔레비전부터 켜요.
My husband turns on the TV as soon as he gets home.
5과1 V-(으)려면 grammar = Express a plan or intention to do something (1st clause) with the condition required to fulfill the plan or intention (2nd clause) = if you intend to...
주말에 그 식당에서 밥을 먹으려면 예약을 해야 돼요.
If you want to eat in that restaurant in weekend, you should book in advance.
5과2 V-(으)ㄹ래요 grammar = (1-question form) Asking for listener’s preference or gently making a request = do you want to…? , how about…? (2-statement form) Express that the speaker has the will or intention to do something = be going to, will...
저는 커피를 마실래요. 쿤 씨는요? (1)
- 저는 아이스크림을 먹을래요. (2)
I am going to drink coffee. How about you, Kun?
- I will have icecream.
6과1 V/A-(으)ㄹ 수밖에 없다grammar = Indicate that the subject has no choice but to do the preceding action or to be in the preceding state = to have no choice but...
현금이 없어서 카드로 계산 할 수밖에 없었다.
Since I don’t have cash, I have no choice but to pay by card.
6과2 V- 기가 무섭게 grammar = Emphasize something occurs immediately right after the end of an action or event = as soon as, right after
수업이 끝나기가 무섭게 학생들이 밖으로 나갔어요.
As soon as the class finished, students went out.
7과1 A-(으)ㄴ 가요? / V- 나요? grammar = Used to politely and gently ask someone a question for something you are not sure or don’t know = is it...? are you...? do you...?
영화제가 언제 시작하나요?
- 이번 주 토요일에 시작합니다.
When does the film festival start?
- It starts on this Saturday.
7과2 V-(으)ㄹ 만하다grammar = Indicate something worth doing, even if the it is not satisfied completely by the speaker, it is still worth doing = be worth doing, deserve
김치를 처음 해 봤어요? 맛이 어땠어요?
- 아주 맛있지는 않지만 먹을 만했어요.
Did you try to eat kimchi the 1st time? How was the taste?
- It’s not so tasty but worth to try.
8과1 V-(으)ㄴ 채(로) grammar = Indicate an action occurs (2nd clause) while maintaining the state of a situation (1st clause) = while (still) doing...
어젯밤에 드라마를 보다가 텔레비전을 켜 놓은 채로 잠이 들었다.
I watched the drama last night and fell sleeping while keeping the TV on.
8과2 V-아/어 버리다 grammar = express speaker’s feeling to a completed event, i.e. a happy feeling about finally completing a task or getting rid of a burden OR a sad feeling that something completed in an unexpected way.
휴대폰을 떨어뜨려서 액정이 깨져 버렸다.
I dropped my cellphone and its screen got broken.
9과1 V/A-더라고요 grammar = express the speaker’s recollection about something that he/she directly saw, heard, or felt = I directly saw, heard, felt ....
어제 본 연극 어땠어요?
- 재미있었어요. 배우들이 연기를 참 잘하더라고요.
How was the play yesterday?
- It was interesting. The actors were very good at acting.
9과2 V-(으)ㄹ 걸 그랬다grammar = express speaker’s regret about something better than what was actually done = I should/would have
왜 그렇게 물을 마셔요?
- 비빔밥이 너무 매워서요. 고추장을 조금만 넣을 걸 그랬어요.
Why do you drink like that?
- Because the pipimpap is so spicy. I would put a little pepper paste.
11과1 V/A-던 grammar = Use to recollect a repeated behavior or habit in the past = be used to
이것은 고향에서 어렸을 때부더 만들어 먹던 음식이에요.
This is the food that I used to make since I was young in my hometown.
11과2 V-기 위해서/ N를 위해서 grammar = Express that the speaker does an action for the sake of something = for (the sake of), in order to
고향에 돌아가서 자영업을 하기 위해서 일을 열심히 배우고 있습니다.
I am learning hard to go back my home country and do my own business.
한국말도 배울 겸 일도 할 겸 해서 한국에 왔습니다.
I came to Korea to learn Korean and also work.
12과2 N-(이)라도 grammar = choose the 2nd best choice if the best isn’t available = even N , N or something
늦어서 미안해요. 많이 기다렸죠?
- 다음부터는 늦으면 전화이라도 하세요.
I am sorry for late. Did you wait long?
- Next time, if you are late, please at least call me.
13과1 V-아/어 놓다 grammar = express that someone does something in advance for future use = ...in advance/ beforehand
다음 달에 고향에 갔다 오려고 비행기 표를 예약해 놓았어요.
I plan to visit my hometown next month, so I have booked the air-ticket beforehand.
13과2 V/A-(으)ㄴ/는 데다가 grammar = express that the contents in the 2nd clause is adding up to the 1st clause = not also... but also, additionally
제주도는 경치가 아름다운 데다가 맛있는 음식도 많아요.
Jeju island has beautiful scenery and also lots of delicious food.
어제 창문을 열고 자서 모기한테 물렸어요.
Yesterday I opened the window and slept, so I was bit by mosquitoes.
기사님, 그 길은 항상 막히니까 다른 길로 가 주세요.
Excuse me, the street is constantly clogged, so please take another way.
14과2 V- 아/어 있다 grammar = describing the continuation/state of an action after it is done. This grammar is often used with intransitive verbs such as 앉다, 눕다, 서다, 비다, 남다 and most of passive verbs V-이/히/리/기.
고양이가 의자에 앉아 있어요.
A cat is sitting on the chair.
이번 주 금요일에 현장 체험을 가는 것 알죠?
- 네, 게시판에 붙어 있는 공지를 봤어요.
Do you know about the field trip this Friday?
- Yes, I saw the notice (sticked) on the board.
15과1 V/A-다고 하다 grammar = Use to retell what you have heard or read from someone/somewhere = I heard that, someone said that...
모임 시간은 토요일 오전 열 시라고 했어요.
He said the meeting is on Saturday at 10:00 a.m.
15과2 V/A-냐고 하다 grammar = Use to retell someone’s request or order = ...told/asked that ...
사장님이 저에게 언제 한국에 왔냐고 물어봤어요.
Director asked me when I came to Korea.
16과1 V/A-(으)ㄹ 테니까 grammar = express the speaker's strong supposition (1st clause) and becomes a reason or condition for suggestion or advice (2nd clause) = will/would...so
제가 밥을 살 테니까 커피를 사세요.
I will buy meals so please buy coffee.
지난번에 얘기했던 그 동호회에 가입했다.
I joined the club I talked about last time.
17과1 V/A-(으)ㄴ/는 척하다 grammar = Indicate subject’s acting in a way contrary to reality = pretend to, act like
잠이 깼지만 너무 피곤해서 자는 척했어요.
I woke up but felt so tired that I acted like I was sleeping.
17과2 V-(으)ㄹ 뻔하다 grammar = Indicate speaker’s relief about a past event that almost happened but did not = almost, nearly...
횡단보도에서 고개를 숙이고 걷다가 사고를 당할 뻔했어요.
While walking cross the road with my head down, I almost got into an accident.
18과1 V/A-(으)라고 하다 grammar = Use to retell a command or request of someone or yourself = (someone, I) told that
모금 운동에 참여해 달라고 할 거예요.
He told to run a fund-raising campaign for him.
옆집 친구에게 같이 반상회에 같이 가자고 했어요. (“반상회에 같이 갑시다”)
I told my next-door friend let’s go to neighborhood meeting together.
19과1 V/A-(으)ㄹ까 봐 grammar = express the speaker’s corresponding action in the worry or fear that a situation will occur or has occurred = be worried that, be afraid that
시간이 너무 늦어서 주무실까 봐 전화를 못 했어요.
It is too late, I’m afraid that he/she has slept so that I couldn’t make a call.
19과2 V/A-(으)ㄹ 정도로 grammar = indicate the action in the 2nd clause is being done or occuring to a degree that is described in the 1st clause = to the extent that
그 경치는 형용할 수 없을 정도로 아름답다.
The view is beautiful beyond all descriptions